National parks, monuments, memorials and preserves designated during the Obama administration that have cultural relevance to communities of color and other marginalized groups. This list does not include dozens of national historic landmarks. (Click on park name for website, more details).

Birmingham Civil Rights (Alabama), 2017: Sites of turning points in civil rights movement and American history.

Freedom Riders National Monument (Alabama), 2017: Civil rights, site of firebombed bus containing interracial group of young people challenging segregation in public housing in the South.

Reconstruction Era National Monument (South Carolina), 2017: Heart of Gullah culture (freed Western African slaves), first school for freed slaves, retreat for civil-rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr.

Harriet Tubman National Historical Park (New York), 2017: Celebrating the later life of former slave, leading African American abolitionist and civil rights activist.

Gold Butte National Monument (Nevada), 2016: Native archeological sites and settlements.

Bears Ears National Monument (Utah), 2016: Sacred tribal land, jointly managed by tribes.

Stonewall National Monument (New York), 2016: Turning point of LGBTQ rights movement.

Belmont-Paul Women’s Equality National Monument (DC), 2016: Women’s suffrage and equal rights.

Mojave Trails National Monument (California), 2016: American Indian trading routes.

Castle Mountains National Monument (California), 2016: Sacred tribal lands and archeological sites.

Chimney Rock National Monument (Colorado), 2016: Ancestral Puebloan site.

Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument (California), 2015: Sacred tribal lands.

Honouliuli National Monument (Hawaii), 2015: Japanese American imprisonment during WWII.

Pullman National Monument (Illinois), 2015: African American nexus of labor and civil rights.

San Gabriel Mountains National Monument (California), 2014: Traditional recreational access for Latinos.

Valles Caldera National Preserve (New Mexico), 2014: Traditional ethnographic landscape for Native Americans and Latinos.

Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument (New Mexico), 2014: Native settlements and petroglyphs.

*Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park (Maryland), 2014: Former slave, leading African American abolitionist and civil rights activist.

Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument (Ohio), 2013: First African-American national park superintendent, black-only military units.

Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument (Maryland), 2013: Former slave, leading African American abolitionist and civil rights activist.

Rio Grande del Norte National Monument (New Mexico), 2013: Latino and Native heritage.

San Juan Islands National Monument (Washington), 2013: Archeological sites of Coast Salish.

CΓ©sar E. ChΓ₯vez National Monument (California), 2012: Latino leader, nexus of labor and civil rights.

Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial (DC), 2011: Civil Rights leader and movement.

Port Chicago Naval Magazine National Memorial (California), 2009: Deadly munitions disaster involving segregated African-American Naval units.

*redesignation